Engine misfires at idle

Rough idle, hunting RPM — how to start diagnosing and which OBD-II codes to check first.

Rough idle is one of the most common symptoms. In 80% of cases it's a misfire (P030x codes). In 15% — idle-air control or throttle body issues. The rest — compression or vacuum leaks.

First OBD-II step: read stored + pending DTCs. P0300 (random) → look for a global cause (spark plugs, MAF, fuel). P0301-P0308 → the number IS the cylinder — jump straight to that coil/plug/injector.

Live data worth watching: STFT/LTFT, MAF g/s at idle (spec: 3-5 g/s), engine RPM, coolant temp. LTFT > +15% at idle = lean condition (look for vacuum leak).

First diagnostic steps

  1. Read stored codes (Mode 03) and pending (Mode 07)
  2. Capture freeze frame at the moment the code set
  3. Inspect spark plugs and coils (if misfire is on one cylinder — swap coil to a different cylinder and see if the fault follows)
  4. Look for intake vacuum leaks (stethoscope or soapy water)
  5. Clean MAF sensor with MAF cleaner

Likely fault codes

Click a code for detailed description, causes, and diagnostic plan.